equals() and hashCode() in Java
Two objects that are equal must have the same hash code. Breaking that contract quietly breaks every hash based collection.
Placement preparation.
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Two objects that are equal must have the same hash code. Breaking that contract quietly breaks every hash based collection.
One reference type, many possible behaviours. Polymorphism is what lets code work with a supertype and stay correct as new subtypes appear.
A subclass replaces inherited behaviour by declaring the same signature, and the JVM chooses the version at runtime from the actual object.
Inheritance lets a subclass acquire the members of a superclass, creating an is-a relationship that polymorphism is built on.
String is an immutable object with a shared literal pool, and both facts explain how comparison, concatenation and performance behave.
Java always passes arguments by value. For objects the value copied is the reference, which explains every result that looks like pass by reference.
Java is a statically typed, object oriented language that compiles to bytecode and runs on a virtual machine, which is what makes it portable.
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